<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace GuzzleHttp\Psr7;

use Psr\Http\Message\StreamInterface;

/**
 * Provides a buffer stream that can be written to to fill a buffer, and read
 * from to remove bytes from the buffer.
 *
 * This stream returns a "hwm" metadata value that tells upstream consumers
 * what the configured high water mark of the stream is, or the maximum
 * preferred size of the buffer.
 */
final class BufferStream implements StreamInterface
{
    /** @var int */
    private $hwm;

    /** @var string */
    private $buffer = '';

    /**
     * @param int $hwm High water mark, representing the preferred maximum
     *                 buffer size. If the size of the buffer exceeds the high
     *                 water mark, then calls to write will continue to succeed
     *                 but will return 0 to inform writers to slow down
     *                 until the buffer has been drained by reading from it.
     */
    public function __construct(int $hwm = 16384)
    {
        $this->hwm = $hwm;
    }

    public function __toString(): string
    {
        return $this->getContents();
    }

    public function getContents(): string
    {
        $buffer = $this->buffer;
        $this->buffer = '';

        return $buffer;
    }

    public function close(): void
    {
        $this->buffer = '';
    }

    public function detach()
    {
        $this->close();

        return null;
    }

    public function getSize(): ?int
    {
        return strlen($this->buffer);
    }

    public function isReadable(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    public function isWritable(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    public function isSeekable(): bool
    {
        return false;
    }

    public function rewind(): void
    {
        $this->seek(0);
    }

    public function seek($offset, $whence = SEEK_SET): void
    {
        throw new \RuntimeException('Cannot seek a BufferStream');
    }

    public function eof(): bool
    {
        return strlen($this->buffer) === 0;
    }

    public function tell(): int
    {
        throw new \RuntimeException('Cannot determine the position of a BufferStream');
    }

    /**
     * Reads data from the buffer.
     */
    public function read($length): string
    {
        $currentLength = strlen($this->buffer);

        if ($length >= $currentLength) {
            // No need to slice the buffer because we don't have enough data.
            $result = $this->buffer;
            $this->buffer = '';
        } else {
            // Slice up the result to provide a subset of the buffer.
            $result = substr($this->buffer, 0, $length);
            $this->buffer = substr($this->buffer, $length);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Writes data to the buffer.
     */
    public function write($string): int
    {
        $this->buffer .= $string;

        if (strlen($this->buffer) >= $this->hwm) {
            return 0;
        }

        return strlen($string);
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getMetadata($key = null)
    {
        if ($key === 'hwm') {
            return $this->hwm;
        }

        return $key ? null : [];
    }
}

• [D] Exception
• [F] AppendStream.php
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• [F] BufferStream.php
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• [F] CachingStream.php
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• [F] DroppingStream.php
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• [F] FnStream.php
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• [F] Header.php
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• [F] HttpFactory.php
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• [F] InflateStream.php
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• [F] LazyOpenStream.php
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• [F] LimitStream.php
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• [F] Message.php
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• [F] MessageTrait.php
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• [F] MimeType.php
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• [F] MultipartStream.php
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• [F] NoSeekStream.php
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• [F] PumpStream.php
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• [F] Query.php
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• [F] Request.php
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• [F] Response.php
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• [F] Rfc7230.php
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• [F] ServerRequest.php
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• [F] Stream.php
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• [F] StreamDecoratorTrait.php
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• [F] StreamWrapper.php
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• [F] UploadedFile.php
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• [F] Uri.php
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• [F] UriComparator.php
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• [F] UriNormalizer.php
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• [F] UriResolver.php
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• [F] Utils.php
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Enhancing Payment Security: The Role of Encryption and Tokenization in Digital Transactions

As digital transactions proliferate, ensuring robust payment security is more critical than ever. Two foundational technologies that are pivotal in this effort are encryption and tokenization.
Encryption is a process that transforms data into a secure format, known as ciphertext, which can only be deciphered using a specific decryption key. This means that even if data is intercepted during transmission, it remains unreadable and protected from unauthorized access. Encryption is essential in safeguarding sensitive payment information, such as credit card details and personal data, during online transactions.
Tokenization, on the other hand, involves substituting sensitive data with unique identifiers or "tokens." These tokens serve as placeholders and have no value outside of the specific transaction context. If intercepted, tokens are meaningless and cannot be used to access the original sensitive data. This method significantly reduces the risk of fraud and data breaches, as the actual payment information is not stored or transmitted.
Together, encryption and tokenization form a powerful security framework. Encryption ensures that data is protected during transmission, while tokenization minimizes the risk of exposing sensitive information by replacing it with secure, non-sensitive tokens.
These technologies are integral to modern payment platforms, providing a robust defense against cyber threats. By implementing advanced encryption and tokenization techniques, businesses can enhance the security of digital transactions, ensuring that users' financial and personal information remains safe. This comprehensive approach not only builds user trust but also fortifies the overall security infrastructure of digital payment systems. As cyber threats evolve, the continued advancement of encryption and tokenization will be crucial in maintaining secure and reliable payment processes.

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