<?php

/*
 * This file is part of the Symfony package.
 *
 * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
 * file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace Symfony\Component\String;

use Symfony\Component\String\Exception\ExceptionInterface;
use Symfony\Component\String\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
use Symfony\Component\String\Exception\RuntimeException;

/**
 * Represents a string of abstract Unicode characters.
 *
 * Unicode defines 3 types of "characters" (bytes, code points and grapheme clusters).
 * This class is the abstract type to use as a type-hint when the logic you want to
 * implement is Unicode-aware but doesn't care about code points vs grapheme clusters.
 *
 * @author Nicolas Grekas <p@tchwork.com>
 *
 * @throws ExceptionInterface
 */
abstract class AbstractUnicodeString extends AbstractString
{
    public const NFC = \Normalizer::NFC;
    public const NFD = \Normalizer::NFD;
    public const NFKC = \Normalizer::NFKC;
    public const NFKD = \Normalizer::NFKD;

    // all ASCII letters sorted by typical frequency of occurrence
    private const ASCII = "\x20\x65\x69\x61\x73\x6E\x74\x72\x6F\x6C\x75\x64\x5D\x5B\x63\x6D\x70\x27\x0A\x67\x7C\x68\x76\x2E\x66\x62\x2C\x3A\x3D\x2D\x71\x31\x30\x43\x32\x2A\x79\x78\x29\x28\x4C\x39\x41\x53\x2F\x50\x22\x45\x6A\x4D\x49\x6B\x33\x3E\x35\x54\x3C\x44\x34\x7D\x42\x7B\x38\x46\x77\x52\x36\x37\x55\x47\x4E\x3B\x4A\x7A\x56\x23\x48\x4F\x57\x5F\x26\x21\x4B\x3F\x58\x51\x25\x59\x5C\x09\x5A\x2B\x7E\x5E\x24\x40\x60\x7F\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1A\x1B\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F";

    // the subset of folded case mappings that is not in lower case mappings
    private const FOLD_FROM = ['İ', 'µ', 'ſ', "\xCD\x85", 'ς', 'ϐ', 'ϑ', 'ϕ', 'ϖ', 'ϰ', 'ϱ', 'ϵ', 'ẛ', "\xE1\xBE\xBE", 'ß', 'İ', 'ʼn', 'ǰ', 'ΐ', 'ΰ', 'և', 'ẖ', 'ẗ', 'ẘ', 'ẙ', 'ẚ', 'ẞ', 'ὐ', 'ὒ', 'ὔ', 'ὖ', 'ᾀ', 'ᾁ', 'ᾂ', 'ᾃ', 'ᾄ', 'ᾅ', 'ᾆ', 'ᾇ', 'ᾈ', 'ᾉ', 'ᾊ', 'ᾋ', 'ᾌ', 'ᾍ', 'ᾎ', 'ᾏ', 'ᾐ', 'ᾑ', 'ᾒ', 'ᾓ', 'ᾔ', 'ᾕ', 'ᾖ', 'ᾗ', 'ᾘ', 'ᾙ', 'ᾚ', 'ᾛ', 'ᾜ', 'ᾝ', 'ᾞ', 'ᾟ', 'ᾠ', 'ᾡ', 'ᾢ', 'ᾣ', 'ᾤ', 'ᾥ', 'ᾦ', 'ᾧ', 'ᾨ', 'ᾩ', 'ᾪ', 'ᾫ', 'ᾬ', 'ᾭ', 'ᾮ', 'ᾯ', 'ᾲ', 'ᾳ', 'ᾴ', 'ᾶ', 'ᾷ', 'ᾼ', 'ῂ', 'ῃ', 'ῄ', 'ῆ', 'ῇ', 'ῌ', 'ῒ', 'ΐ', 'ῖ', 'ῗ', 'ῢ', 'ΰ', 'ῤ', 'ῦ', 'ῧ', 'ῲ', 'ῳ', 'ῴ', 'ῶ', 'ῷ', 'ῼ', 'ff', 'fi', 'fl', 'ffi', 'ffl', 'ſt', 'st', 'ﬓ', 'ﬔ', 'ﬕ', 'ﬖ', 'ﬗ'];
    private const FOLD_TO = ['i̇', 'μ', 's', 'ι', 'σ', 'β', 'θ', 'φ', 'π', 'κ', 'ρ', 'ε', 'ṡ', 'ι', 'ss', 'i̇', 'ʼn', 'ǰ', 'ΐ', 'ΰ', 'եւ', 'ẖ', 'ẗ', 'ẘ', 'ẙ', 'aʾ', 'ss', 'ὐ', 'ὒ', 'ὔ', 'ὖ', 'ἀι', 'ἁι', 'ἂι', 'ἃι', 'ἄι', 'ἅι', 'ἆι', 'ἇι', 'ἀι', 'ἁι', 'ἂι', 'ἃι', 'ἄι', 'ἅι', 'ἆι', 'ἇι', 'ἠι', 'ἡι', 'ἢι', 'ἣι', 'ἤι', 'ἥι', 'ἦι', 'ἧι', 'ἠι', 'ἡι', 'ἢι', 'ἣι', 'ἤι', 'ἥι', 'ἦι', 'ἧι', 'ὠι', 'ὡι', 'ὢι', 'ὣι', 'ὤι', 'ὥι', 'ὦι', 'ὧι', 'ὠι', 'ὡι', 'ὢι', 'ὣι', 'ὤι', 'ὥι', 'ὦι', 'ὧι', 'ὰι', 'αι', 'άι', 'ᾶ', 'ᾶι', 'αι', 'ὴι', 'ηι', 'ήι', 'ῆ', 'ῆι', 'ηι', 'ῒ', 'ΐ', 'ῖ', 'ῗ', 'ῢ', 'ΰ', 'ῤ', 'ῦ', 'ῧ', 'ὼι', 'ωι', 'ώι', 'ῶ', 'ῶι', 'ωι', 'ff', 'fi', 'fl', 'ffi', 'ffl', 'st', 'st', 'մն', 'մե', 'մի', 'վն', 'մխ'];

    // the subset of upper case mappings that map one code point to many code points
    private const UPPER_FROM = ['ß', 'ff', 'fi', 'fl', 'ffi', 'ffl', 'ſt', 'st', 'և', 'ﬓ', 'ﬔ', 'ﬕ', 'ﬖ', 'ﬗ', 'ʼn', 'ΐ', 'ΰ', 'ǰ', 'ẖ', 'ẗ', 'ẘ', 'ẙ', 'ẚ', 'ὐ', 'ὒ', 'ὔ', 'ὖ', 'ᾶ', 'ῆ', 'ῒ', 'ΐ', 'ῖ', 'ῗ', 'ῢ', 'ΰ', 'ῤ', 'ῦ', 'ῧ', 'ῶ'];
    private const UPPER_TO = ['SS', 'FF', 'FI', 'FL', 'FFI', 'FFL', 'ST', 'ST', 'ԵՒ', 'ՄՆ', 'ՄԵ', 'ՄԻ', 'ՎՆ', 'ՄԽ', 'ʼN', 'Ϊ́', 'Ϋ́', 'J̌', 'H̱', 'T̈', 'W̊', 'Y̊', 'Aʾ', 'Υ̓', 'Υ̓̀', 'Υ̓́', 'Υ̓͂', 'Α͂', 'Η͂', 'Ϊ̀', 'Ϊ́', 'Ι͂', 'Ϊ͂', 'Ϋ̀', 'Ϋ́', 'Ρ̓', 'Υ͂', 'Ϋ͂', 'Ω͂'];

    // the subset of https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/master/common/transforms/Latin-ASCII.xml that is not in NFKD
    private const TRANSLIT_FROM = ['Æ', 'Ð', 'Ø', 'Þ', 'ß', 'æ', 'ð', 'ø', 'þ', 'Đ', 'đ', 'Ħ', 'ħ', 'ı', 'ĸ', 'Ŀ', 'ŀ', 'Ł', 'ł', 'ʼn', 'Ŋ', 'ŋ', 'Œ', 'œ', 'Ŧ', 'ŧ', 'ƀ', 'Ɓ', 'Ƃ', 'ƃ', 'Ƈ', 'ƈ', 'Ɖ', 'Ɗ', 'Ƌ', 'ƌ', 'Ɛ', 'Ƒ', 'ƒ', 'Ɠ', 'ƕ', 'Ɩ', 'Ɨ', 'Ƙ', 'ƙ', 'ƚ', 'Ɲ', 'ƞ', 'Ƣ', 'ƣ', 'Ƥ', 'ƥ', 'ƫ', 'Ƭ', 'ƭ', 'Ʈ', 'Ʋ', 'Ƴ', 'ƴ', 'Ƶ', 'ƶ', 'DŽ', 'Dž', 'dž', 'Ǥ', 'ǥ', 'ȡ', 'Ȥ', 'ȥ', 'ȴ', 'ȵ', 'ȶ', 'ȷ', 'ȸ', 'ȹ', 'Ⱥ', 'Ȼ', 'ȼ', 'Ƚ', 'Ⱦ', 'ȿ', 'ɀ', 'Ƀ', 'Ʉ', 'Ɇ', 'ɇ', 'Ɉ', 'ɉ', 'Ɍ', 'ɍ', 'Ɏ', 'ɏ', 'ɓ', 'ɕ', 'ɖ', 'ɗ', 'ɛ', 'ɟ', 'ɠ', 'ɡ', 'ɢ', 'ɦ', 'ɧ', 'ɨ', 'ɪ', 'ɫ', 'ɬ', 'ɭ', 'ɱ', 'ɲ', 'ɳ', 'ɴ', 'ɶ', 'ɼ', 'ɽ', 'ɾ', 'ʀ', 'ʂ', 'ʈ', 'ʉ', 'ʋ', 'ʏ', 'ʐ', 'ʑ', 'ʙ', 'ʛ', 'ʜ', 'ʝ', 'ʟ', 'ʠ', 'ʣ', 'ʥ', 'ʦ', 'ʪ', 'ʫ', 'ᴀ', 'ᴁ', 'ᴃ', 'ᴄ', 'ᴅ', 'ᴆ', 'ᴇ', 'ᴊ', 'ᴋ', 'ᴌ', 'ᴍ', 'ᴏ', 'ᴘ', 'ᴛ', 'ᴜ', 'ᴠ', 'ᴡ', 'ᴢ', 'ᵫ', 'ᵬ', 'ᵭ', 'ᵮ', 'ᵯ', 'ᵰ', 'ᵱ', 'ᵲ', 'ᵳ', 'ᵴ', 'ᵵ', 'ᵶ', 'ᵺ', 'ᵻ', 'ᵽ', 'ᵾ', 'ᶀ', 'ᶁ', 'ᶂ', 'ᶃ', 'ᶄ', 'ᶅ', 'ᶆ', 'ᶇ', 'ᶈ', 'ᶉ', 'ᶊ', 'ᶌ', 'ᶍ', 'ᶎ', 'ᶏ', 'ᶑ', 'ᶒ', 'ᶓ', 'ᶖ', 'ᶙ', 'ẚ', 'ẜ', 'ẝ', 'ẞ', 'Ỻ', 'ỻ', 'Ỽ', 'ỽ', 'Ỿ', 'ỿ', '©', '®', '₠', '₢', '₣', '₤', '₧', '₺', '₹', 'ℌ', '℞', '㎧', '㎮', '㏆', '㏗', '㏞', '㏟', '¼', '½', '¾', '⅓', '⅔', '⅕', '⅖', '⅗', '⅘', '⅙', '⅚', '⅛', '⅜', '⅝', '⅞', '⅟', '〇', '‘', '’', '‚', '‛', '“', '”', '„', '‟', '′', '″', '〝', '〞', '«', '»', '‹', '›', '‐', '‑', '‒', '–', '—', '―', '︱', '︲', '﹘', '‖', '⁄', '⁅', '⁆', '⁎', '、', '。', '〈', '〉', '《', '》', '〔', '〕', '〘', '〙', '〚', '〛', '︑', '︒', '︹', '︺', '︽', '︾', '︿', '﹀', '﹑', '﹝', '﹞', '｟', '｠', '｡', '､', '×', '÷', '−', '∕', '∖', '∣', '∥', '≪', '≫', '⦅', '⦆'];
    private const TRANSLIT_TO = ['AE', 'D', 'O', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'd', 'o', 'th', 'D', 'd', 'H', 'h', 'i', 'q', 'L', 'l', 'L', 'l', '\'n', 'N', 'n', 'OE', 'oe', 'T', 't', 'b', 'B', 'B', 'b', 'C', 'c', 'D', 'D', 'D', 'd', 'E', 'F', 'f', 'G', 'hv', 'I', 'I', 'K', 'k', 'l', 'N', 'n', 'OI', 'oi', 'P', 'p', 't', 'T', 't', 'T', 'V', 'Y', 'y', 'Z', 'z', 'DZ', 'Dz', 'dz', 'G', 'g', 'd', 'Z', 'z', 'l', 'n', 't', 'j', 'db', 'qp', 'A', 'C', 'c', 'L', 'T', 's', 'z', 'B', 'U', 'E', 'e', 'J', 'j', 'R', 'r', 'Y', 'y', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'e', 'j', 'g', 'g', 'G', 'h', 'h', 'i', 'I', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'n', 'N', 'OE', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'R', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'Y', 'z', 'z', 'B', 'G', 'H', 'j', 'L', 'q', 'dz', 'dz', 'ts', 'ls', 'lz', 'A', 'AE', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'D', 'E', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'O', 'P', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'Z', 'ue', 'b', 'd', 'f', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'r', 'r', 's', 't', 'z', 'th', 'I', 'p', 'U', 'b', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'r', 's', 'v', 'x', 'z', 'a', 'd', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'u', 'a', 's', 's', 'SS', 'LL', 'll', 'V', 'v', 'Y', 'y', '(C)', '(R)', 'CE', 'Cr', 'Fr.', 'L.', 'Pts', 'TL', 'Rs', 'x', 'Rx', 'm/s', 'rad/s', 'C/kg', 'pH', 'V/m', 'A/m', ' 1/4', ' 1/2', ' 3/4', ' 1/3', ' 2/3', ' 1/5', ' 2/5', ' 3/5', ' 4/5', ' 1/6', ' 5/6', ' 1/8', ' 3/8', ' 5/8', ' 7/8', ' 1/', '0', '\'', '\'', ',', '\'', '"', '"', ',,', '"', '\'', '"', '"', '"', '<<', '>>', '<', '>', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '||', '/', '[', ']', '*', ',', '.', '<', '>', '<<', '>>', '[', ']', '[', ']', '[', ']', ',', '.', '[', ']', '<<', '>>', '<', '>', ',', '[', ']', '((', '))', '.', ',', '*', '/', '-', '/', '\\', '|', '||', '<<', '>>', '((', '))'];

    private static $transliterators = [];
    private static $tableZero;
    private static $tableWide;

    public static function fromCodePoints(int ...$codes): static
    {
        $string = '';

        foreach ($codes as $code) {
            if (0x80 > $code %= 0x200000) {
                $string .= \chr($code);
            } elseif (0x800 > $code) {
                $string .= \chr(0xC0 | $code >> 6).\chr(0x80 | $code & 0x3F);
            } elseif (0x10000 > $code) {
                $string .= \chr(0xE0 | $code >> 12).\chr(0x80 | $code >> 6 & 0x3F).\chr(0x80 | $code & 0x3F);
            } else {
                $string .= \chr(0xF0 | $code >> 18).\chr(0x80 | $code >> 12 & 0x3F).\chr(0x80 | $code >> 6 & 0x3F).\chr(0x80 | $code & 0x3F);
            }
        }

        return new static($string);
    }

    /**
     * Generic UTF-8 to ASCII transliteration.
     *
     * Install the intl extension for best results.
     *
     * @param string[]|\Transliterator[]|\Closure[] $rules See "*-Latin" rules from Transliterator::listIDs()
     */
    public function ascii(array $rules = []): self
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $s = $str->string;
        $str->string = '';

        array_unshift($rules, 'nfd');
        $rules[] = 'latin-ascii';

        if (\function_exists('transliterator_transliterate')) {
            $rules[] = 'any-latin/bgn';
        }

        $rules[] = 'nfkd';
        $rules[] = '[:nonspacing mark:] remove';

        while (\strlen($s) - 1 > $i = strspn($s, self::ASCII)) {
            if (0 < --$i) {
                $str->string .= substr($s, 0, $i);
                $s = substr($s, $i);
            }

            if (!$rule = array_shift($rules)) {
                $rules = []; // An empty rule interrupts the next ones
            }

            if ($rule instanceof \Transliterator) {
                $s = $rule->transliterate($s);
            } elseif ($rule instanceof \Closure) {
                $s = $rule($s);
            } elseif ($rule) {
                if ('nfd' === $rule = strtolower($rule)) {
                    normalizer_is_normalized($s, self::NFD) ?: $s = normalizer_normalize($s, self::NFD);
                } elseif ('nfkd' === $rule) {
                    normalizer_is_normalized($s, self::NFKD) ?: $s = normalizer_normalize($s, self::NFKD);
                } elseif ('[:nonspacing mark:] remove' === $rule) {
                    $s = preg_replace('/\p{Mn}++/u', '', $s);
                } elseif ('latin-ascii' === $rule) {
                    $s = str_replace(self::TRANSLIT_FROM, self::TRANSLIT_TO, $s);
                } elseif ('de-ascii' === $rule) {
                    $s = preg_replace("/([AUO])\u{0308}(?=\p{Ll})/u", '$1e', $s);
                    $s = str_replace(["a\u{0308}", "o\u{0308}", "u\u{0308}", "A\u{0308}", "O\u{0308}", "U\u{0308}"], ['ae', 'oe', 'ue', 'AE', 'OE', 'UE'], $s);
                } elseif (\function_exists('transliterator_transliterate')) {
                    if (null === $transliterator = self::$transliterators[$rule] ?? self::$transliterators[$rule] = \Transliterator::create($rule)) {
                        if ('any-latin/bgn' === $rule) {
                            $rule = 'any-latin';
                            $transliterator = self::$transliterators[$rule] ?? self::$transliterators[$rule] = \Transliterator::create($rule);
                        }

                        if (null === $transliterator) {
                            throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Unknown transliteration rule "%s".', $rule));
                        }

                        self::$transliterators['any-latin/bgn'] = $transliterator;
                    }

                    $s = $transliterator->transliterate($s);
                }
            } elseif (!\function_exists('iconv')) {
                $s = preg_replace('/[^\x00-\x7F]/u', '?', $s);
            } else {
                $s = @preg_replace_callback('/[^\x00-\x7F]/u', static function ($c) {
                    $c = (string) iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $c[0]);

                    if ('' === $c && '' === iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', '²')) {
                        throw new \LogicException(sprintf('"%s" requires a translit-able iconv implementation, try installing "gnu-libiconv" if you\'re using Alpine Linux.', static::class));
                    }

                    return 1 < \strlen($c) ? ltrim($c, '\'`"^~') : ('' !== $c ? $c : '?');
                }, $s);
            }
        }

        $str->string .= $s;

        return $str;
    }

    public function camel(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = str_replace(' ', '', preg_replace_callback('/\b.(?![A-Z]{2,})/u', static function ($m) use (&$i) {
            return 1 === ++$i ? ('İ' === $m[0] ? 'i̇' : mb_strtolower($m[0], 'UTF-8')) : mb_convert_case($m[0], \MB_CASE_TITLE, 'UTF-8');
        }, preg_replace('/[^\pL0-9]++/u', ' ', $this->string)));

        return $str;
    }

    /**
     * @return int[]
     */
    public function codePointsAt(int $offset): array
    {
        $str = $this->slice($offset, 1);

        if ('' === $str->string) {
            return [];
        }

        $codePoints = [];

        foreach (preg_split('//u', $str->string, -1, \PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) as $c) {
            $codePoints[] = mb_ord($c, 'UTF-8');
        }

        return $codePoints;
    }

    public function folded(bool $compat = true): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;

        if (!$compat || !\defined('Normalizer::NFKC_CF')) {
            $str->string = normalizer_normalize($str->string, $compat ? \Normalizer::NFKC : \Normalizer::NFC);
            $str->string = mb_strtolower(str_replace(self::FOLD_FROM, self::FOLD_TO, $this->string), 'UTF-8');
        } else {
            $str->string = normalizer_normalize($str->string, \Normalizer::NFKC_CF);
        }

        return $str;
    }

    public function join(array $strings, string $lastGlue = null): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;

        $tail = null !== $lastGlue && 1 < \count($strings) ? $lastGlue.array_pop($strings) : '';
        $str->string = implode($this->string, $strings).$tail;

        if (!preg_match('//u', $str->string)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        return $str;
    }

    public function lower(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = mb_strtolower(str_replace('İ', 'i̇', $str->string), 'UTF-8');

        return $str;
    }

    public function match(string $regexp, int $flags = 0, int $offset = 0): array
    {
        $match = ((\PREG_PATTERN_ORDER | \PREG_SET_ORDER) & $flags) ? 'preg_match_all' : 'preg_match';

        if ($this->ignoreCase) {
            $regexp .= 'i';
        }

        set_error_handler(static function ($t, $m) { throw new InvalidArgumentException($m); });

        try {
            if (false === $match($regexp.'u', $this->string, $matches, $flags | \PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL, $offset)) {
                $lastError = preg_last_error();

                foreach (get_defined_constants(true)['pcre'] as $k => $v) {
                    if ($lastError === $v && '_ERROR' === substr($k, -6)) {
                        throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with '.$k.'.');
                    }
                }

                throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with unknown error code.');
            }
        } finally {
            restore_error_handler();
        }

        return $matches;
    }

    public function normalize(int $form = self::NFC): static
    {
        if (!\in_array($form, [self::NFC, self::NFD, self::NFKC, self::NFKD])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Unsupported normalization form.');
        }

        $str = clone $this;
        normalizer_is_normalized($str->string, $form) ?: $str->string = normalizer_normalize($str->string, $form);

        return $str;
    }

    public function padBoth(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): static
    {
        if ('' === $padStr || !preg_match('//u', $padStr)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        $pad = clone $this;
        $pad->string = $padStr;

        return $this->pad($length, $pad, \STR_PAD_BOTH);
    }

    public function padEnd(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): static
    {
        if ('' === $padStr || !preg_match('//u', $padStr)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        $pad = clone $this;
        $pad->string = $padStr;

        return $this->pad($length, $pad, \STR_PAD_RIGHT);
    }

    public function padStart(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): static
    {
        if ('' === $padStr || !preg_match('//u', $padStr)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        $pad = clone $this;
        $pad->string = $padStr;

        return $this->pad($length, $pad, \STR_PAD_LEFT);
    }

    public function replaceMatches(string $fromRegexp, string|callable $to): static
    {
        if ($this->ignoreCase) {
            $fromRegexp .= 'i';
        }

        if (\is_array($to) || $to instanceof \Closure) {
            $replace = 'preg_replace_callback';
            $to = static function (array $m) use ($to): string {
                $to = $to($m);

                if ('' !== $to && (!\is_string($to) || !preg_match('//u', $to))) {
                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Replace callback must return a valid UTF-8 string.');
                }

                return $to;
            };
        } elseif ('' !== $to && !preg_match('//u', $to)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        } else {
            $replace = 'preg_replace';
        }

        set_error_handler(static function ($t, $m) { throw new InvalidArgumentException($m); });

        try {
            if (null === $string = $replace($fromRegexp.'u', $to, $this->string)) {
                $lastError = preg_last_error();

                foreach (get_defined_constants(true)['pcre'] as $k => $v) {
                    if ($lastError === $v && '_ERROR' === substr($k, -6)) {
                        throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with '.$k.'.');
                    }
                }

                throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with unknown error code.');
            }
        } finally {
            restore_error_handler();
        }

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = $string;

        return $str;
    }

    public function reverse(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = implode('', array_reverse(preg_split('/(\X)/u', $str->string, -1, \PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE | \PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)));

        return $str;
    }

    public function snake(): static
    {
        $str = $this->camel();
        $str->string = mb_strtolower(preg_replace(['/(\p{Lu}+)(\p{Lu}\p{Ll})/u', '/([\p{Ll}0-9])(\p{Lu})/u'], '\1_\2', $str->string), 'UTF-8');

        return $str;
    }

    public function title(bool $allWords = false): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;

        $limit = $allWords ? -1 : 1;

        $str->string = preg_replace_callback('/\b./u', static function (array $m): string {
            return mb_convert_case($m[0], \MB_CASE_TITLE, 'UTF-8');
        }, $str->string, $limit);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trim(string $chars = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}"): static
    {
        if (" \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}" !== $chars && !preg_match('//u', $chars)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 chars.');
        }
        $chars = preg_quote($chars);

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = preg_replace("{^[$chars]++|[$chars]++$}uD", '', $str->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimEnd(string $chars = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}"): static
    {
        if (" \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}" !== $chars && !preg_match('//u', $chars)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 chars.');
        }
        $chars = preg_quote($chars);

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = preg_replace("{[$chars]++$}uD", '', $str->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimPrefix($prefix): static
    {
        if (!$this->ignoreCase) {
            return parent::trimPrefix($prefix);
        }

        $str = clone $this;

        if ($prefix instanceof \Traversable) {
            $prefix = iterator_to_array($prefix, false);
        } elseif ($prefix instanceof parent) {
            $prefix = $prefix->string;
        }

        $prefix = implode('|', array_map('preg_quote', (array) $prefix));
        $str->string = preg_replace("{^(?:$prefix)}iuD", '', $this->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimStart(string $chars = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}"): static
    {
        if (" \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}" !== $chars && !preg_match('//u', $chars)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 chars.');
        }
        $chars = preg_quote($chars);

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = preg_replace("{^[$chars]++}uD", '', $str->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimSuffix($suffix): static
    {
        if (!$this->ignoreCase) {
            return parent::trimSuffix($suffix);
        }

        $str = clone $this;

        if ($suffix instanceof \Traversable) {
            $suffix = iterator_to_array($suffix, false);
        } elseif ($suffix instanceof parent) {
            $suffix = $suffix->string;
        }

        $suffix = implode('|', array_map('preg_quote', (array) $suffix));
        $str->string = preg_replace("{(?:$suffix)$}iuD", '', $this->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function upper(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = mb_strtoupper($str->string, 'UTF-8');

        return $str;
    }

    public function width(bool $ignoreAnsiDecoration = true): int
    {
        $width = 0;
        $s = str_replace(["\x00", "\x05", "\x07"], '', $this->string);

        if (false !== strpos($s, "\r")) {
            $s = str_replace(["\r\n", "\r"], "\n", $s);
        }

        if (!$ignoreAnsiDecoration) {
            $s = preg_replace('/[\p{Cc}\x7F]++/u', '', $s);
        }

        foreach (explode("\n", $s) as $s) {
            if ($ignoreAnsiDecoration) {
                $s = preg_replace('/(?:\x1B(?:
                    \[ [\x30-\x3F]*+ [\x20-\x2F]*+ [\x40-\x7E]
                    | [P\]X^_] .*? \x1B\\\\
                    | [\x41-\x7E]
                )|[\p{Cc}\x7F]++)/xu', '', $s);
            }

            $lineWidth = $this->wcswidth($s);

            if ($lineWidth > $width) {
                $width = $lineWidth;
            }
        }

        return $width;
    }

    private function pad(int $len, self $pad, int $type): static
    {
        $sLen = $this->length();

        if ($len <= $sLen) {
            return clone $this;
        }

        $padLen = $pad->length();
        $freeLen = $len - $sLen;
        $len = $freeLen % $padLen;

        switch ($type) {
            case \STR_PAD_RIGHT:
                return $this->append(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($freeLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

            case \STR_PAD_LEFT:
                return $this->prepend(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($freeLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

            case \STR_PAD_BOTH:
                $freeLen /= 2;

                $rightLen = ceil($freeLen);
                $len = $rightLen % $padLen;
                $str = $this->append(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($rightLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

                $leftLen = floor($freeLen);
                $len = $leftLen % $padLen;

                return $str->prepend(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($leftLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

            default:
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid padding type.');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Based on https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth, a Python implementation of https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c.
     */
    private function wcswidth(string $string): int
    {
        $width = 0;

        foreach (preg_split('//u', $string, -1, \PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) as $c) {
            $codePoint = mb_ord($c, 'UTF-8');

            if (0 === $codePoint // NULL
                || 0x034F === $codePoint // COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER
                || (0x200B <= $codePoint && 0x200F >= $codePoint) // ZERO WIDTH SPACE to RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
                || 0x2028 === $codePoint // LINE SEPARATOR
                || 0x2029 === $codePoint // PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR
                || (0x202A <= $codePoint && 0x202E >= $codePoint) // LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING to RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
                || (0x2060 <= $codePoint && 0x2063 >= $codePoint) // WORD JOINER to INVISIBLE SEPARATOR
            ) {
                continue;
            }

            // Non printable characters
            if (32 > $codePoint // C0 control characters
                || (0x07F <= $codePoint && 0x0A0 > $codePoint) // C1 control characters and DEL
            ) {
                return -1;
            }

            if (null === self::$tableZero) {
                self::$tableZero = require __DIR__.'/Resources/data/wcswidth_table_zero.php';
            }

            if ($codePoint >= self::$tableZero[0][0] && $codePoint <= self::$tableZero[$ubound = \count(self::$tableZero) - 1][1]) {
                $lbound = 0;
                while ($ubound >= $lbound) {
                    $mid = floor(($lbound + $ubound) / 2);

                    if ($codePoint > self::$tableZero[$mid][1]) {
                        $lbound = $mid + 1;
                    } elseif ($codePoint < self::$tableZero[$mid][0]) {
                        $ubound = $mid - 1;
                    } else {
                        continue 2;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (null === self::$tableWide) {
                self::$tableWide = require __DIR__.'/Resources/data/wcswidth_table_wide.php';
            }

            if ($codePoint >= self::$tableWide[0][0] && $codePoint <= self::$tableWide[$ubound = \count(self::$tableWide) - 1][1]) {
                $lbound = 0;
                while ($ubound >= $lbound) {
                    $mid = floor(($lbound + $ubound) / 2);

                    if ($codePoint > self::$tableWide[$mid][1]) {
                        $lbound = $mid + 1;
                    } elseif ($codePoint < self::$tableWide[$mid][0]) {
                        $ubound = $mid - 1;
                    } else {
                        $width += 2;

                        continue 2;
                    }
                }
            }

            ++$width;
        }

        return $width;
    }
}

• [D] Exception
• [D] Inflector
• [D] Resources
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• [F] AbstractString.php
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• [F] AbstractUnicodeString.php
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• [F] ByteString.php
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• [F] CHANGELOG.md
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• [F] CodePointString.php
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• [F] composer.json
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• [F] LazyString.php
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• [F] LICENSE
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• [F] README.md
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• [F] UnicodeString.php
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The Future of Digital Wallets: How Mobile Payments are Shaping the Financial Landscape

Digital wallets have fundamentally transformed how we manage money, offering a streamlined, secure, and highly efficient method for handling payments and transactions. By consolidating credit, debit, and loyalty card information into a single app, digital wallets simplify the payment process and eliminate the need for physical cards, enhancing both convenience and security.
As digital wallets evolve, they are integrating advanced features that push the boundaries of traditional payment methods. Biometric authentication, such as fingerprint and facial recognition, adds an extra layer of security, ensuring that only authorized users can access their payment information. Real-time transaction alerts provide instant notifications for every transaction, allowing users to monitor their spending and detect any unauthorized activity swiftly. Budgeting tools within digital wallets offer personalized insights and financial management capabilities, helping users track their expenses and plan their budgets more effectively.
The growing adoption of digital wallets is fueled by their ease of use and the increasing demand for contactless payment solutions. As technology advances, digital wallets are likely to incorporate even more innovative features, such as artificial intelligence for personalized financial advice, integrated loyalty programs for seamless rewards management, and cross-border transaction capabilities for global shopping convenience.
The integration of these features is reshaping the financial landscape by making transactions not only faster but also more secure and user-friendly. The future of digital wallets is set to further revolutionize how we handle our finances, offering an all-encompassing solution that caters to the evolving needs of modern consumers. As digital wallets continue to advance, they will play an increasingly central role in shaping the future of financial interactions, driving the global shift towards a more digital and cashless economy.

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